This rhythmic activity consists of several overlapping sub-rhythms that can be unmasked by mathematical transformations, such as the Fourier transform.
Normal EEG exhibits spontaneous oscillations. Now that you're familiar with the physiology behind EEG signals, let's discuss what they tell us about cognitive functions. Lastly, the video reviews some specific cognitive experiments that use EEG in combination with other techniques such as functional Magnetic Resonance imaging (fMRI) or transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Then, we explain the use of EEG in studying cognition along with a detailed step-by-step protocol to perform an EEG experiment. First, we discuss where and how EEG signals are generated. Here, JoVE presents a brief overview of EEG and its applications in cognitive research. Therefore, it is a powerful tool for cognitive scientist aiming to better understand the neural correlates associated with different aspects of cognition, which will ultimately help them devise improved treatments for patients with cognitive deficits. When an individual is engaged in performing a cognitive task, brain activity changes and these changes can be recorded on the EEG graph. The neural activity generates electrical signals that are recorded by EEG electrodes placed on the scalp. EEG is a non-invasive technique that can measure brain activity.